TRANSLITERATION
Transliteration is the method used to express the hieroglyphic symbols without having to draw each symbol.  Originally, hieroglyphics were transliterated using the Coptic alphabet. Another form of transliteration was created by E.A.W. Budge.  This method is outdated but since Budge's books are still in publication with his form of transliteration it is not obsolete.

TRANSCRIPTION
After the symbols are transliterated, proper names are transcribed.  This is the process by which the transliterated letters are, if necessary, replaced with Latin letters, i.e., A replacing **  and if necessary "e" is inserted between two consonants. Sometimes this varies depending on the person transcribing.  That is why there are different spellings for the same name, i.e.,  Pepi/Pepy (6th Dynasty Pharaoh), After years of studying various books, Egyptologists become familiar with the various forms of transcribing.  They also remember the pronunciation of the proper names so they can recognize the word by sound when it is spelled differently.

TRANSLATION
Once the hieroglyphs are understood, it is necessary translate them into a modern language, such as English.  Because the grammatical structure of Ancient Egyptian is different from modern languages, it is not possible to translate directly but to translate the meaning or the sense of the hieroglyphic text into a modern language.  Because the sense of the hieroglyphics is translated into a modern language, sometimes the translations of the same hieroglyphic text are different but the sense is still the same. 
 
 

Literally: Hear/listen to you for I Translation: Listen to me!

 

Literally: Mother I Nout/Nut. Translation: My mother is Nout/Nut.

The transliteration of the hieroglyphs are written below them.  In order to translate the literal meaning of the phrases, their sense has to be translated.  In the first example, the word "you" is taken out because in English, you is implied in a command.  In the second example, the word "is" was added because a verb is needed to form a proper sentence.  Variations in transcription can be seen in "Nout/Nut" (Nout is the goddess of the sky).  The transliterated name is "nwt"  but the transcripted name can be spelled either "Nout" or "Nut".