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Egyptian Art
Greek Art
Roman Art

Etruscan Art
800BC to 100BC

 

About 900 and 800 BC, the Italian peninsula was settled by people called Etruscans. It isn't known where the Etruscans came from, but they probably came from the Eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor. When they arrived, they brought a high level of a Greek-like culture with them. They founded their cities in North-Eastern Italy between the Apennine mountain range and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Their civilization stretched from the Arno river in the North to the Tiber river towards the center of the Italian peninsula in the South.

Like the Greeks, the Etruscans lived in fortified cities. In the earliest times, these cities were ruled by kings, but later the political system changed to oligarchies that governed through a council and elected officials. The Etruscans were an agrarian people, but they also used military means to dominate the region. By the sixth century BC, the Etruscans had subjugated much of Italy and some regions outside of Italy, such as the island of Corsica.

The Etruscans had an alphabet based on the Greek alphabet, an arts tradition, a religion based on human-type gods which was Greek in origin, and a complicated set of rituals for divining the future.


Villa Giulia in Rome has the largest collection of Etruscan relics of any museum in the world. The Museum is housed in the Villa of Pope Julius III or Villa Giulia. This Villa was built from a design by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola between 1551 and 1553.

The Villa Giulia National Museum was founded in 1889 with the aim of collecting together all the pre-Roman antiquities of Latium, southern Etruria and Umbria, and mostly contains finds from excavation conducted in Latium between the Tiber and the sea and belonging to the Etruscan and Faliscan civilizations.

The museum is not avaliable on the web, so you just have to go there in person.

 

Etruscan Pottery

 

Etruscan: [pottery] Amphora with a Black Glaze and Incised Decorations

Amphora with a Black Glaze
and Incised Decorations

about 650 bc
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

 

Etruscan: [pottery] Pitcher with Bill Shaped Spout

Pitcher with
Bill-Shaped Spout

about 800 bc
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [pottery] Bucchero with a Battle Scene

Bucchero with
a Battle Scene
about 600 bc
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [pottery] Large Amphora with Incised Deer

Large Amphora
with Incised Deer

about 625 bc
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Amphora with Hercules
and the Hydra

about 525 bc
Getty Antiquities Center
Malibu, California

 

 

 

Etruscan Terracotta Sculpture

 

Etruscans like the Egyptians, Greeks, and later the Romans, painted their statues, so what you see in a museum is not what a contemporary of the sculptor would have seen.

Etruscans worked in terracotta, basically fired clay, for many sculptures. This was common throughout the early Greek world and was revived for a while in fifteenth century rennaissance Italy.

Terracotta sculpture is much cheaper to produce than cutting marble or other stone and at that time it was the only way of producing large sculpture. The techniques for doing large bronze castings was unknown.

 

Etruscan: [sculpture] Terracotta Head of Hermes

Today

Etruscan: [sculpture] Painted Terracotta Head of Hermes -- restored

As it may have looked then

Head of Hermes
About 515 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

 

Etruscan: [sculpture] Terracota Head of Zeus

Head of Zeus
about 500 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [sculpture] Terracotta Apollo of Veii

Apollo of Veii
about 510 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [sculpture] Man's Head

Man's Head
about 400 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [sculpture] Head of a Warrior

Head of a Warrior
before 600 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

 

 

Etruscan Metalwork

 

Etruscans often made small to medium sized sculpture in bronze. Large sculpture was impossible because the technology of casting large objects had not be invented.

 

Etruscan: [bronze] Dancer

Dancer
before 600 bc
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [bronze] Votive Birt

Bronze Votive Bird
with Inscription
about 400 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [bronze] Votive Statuette of a Girl with a Snake

Votive Statuette
of a Girl with a Snake
about 200 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [bronze] Votive Statuettes of a Warriors

Votive Statuettes
of Warriors

about 400 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

 

We don't really know what Etruscan bronze cisterns were used for. But as good a guess as any was that they were for holding household water. These large vessels were commonly decorated with engraved pictures of scenes from the Homeric stories or the Olympian myths. Jason and the Argonauts was a popular myth to illustrate, as two of the engravings below show.

 

 

Etruscan: [bronze] Cistern

Decorated Cistern
about 400 bc
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

 

Etruscan: [bronze] Cistern handle

Handle of a Bronze Cistern
[showing two warriors carrying a dead comrade]
about 400 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [engraving] Argonauts and Satyr

Cistern Decorations
Argonauts and Satyr
about 400 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [engraving] Jason and Heracles

Cistern Decoration
Jason and Heracles

about 400 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

 

Gold Objects.

 

Gold ceremonial objects were still used by the wealthy, just like it had been for ages.

 

Etruscan: [gold] Cup

Gold Cup
before 675 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [gold] Brestplate

Ceremonial
Gold Breastplate
about 650 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy

Etruscan: [gold] Brestplate detail

Detail of metal work
on Breastplate

 

Etruscan Wall Paintings

Etruscan: [fresco] Woman and Child

Woman and Child

Etruscan: [fresco] Wine Drinker

Woman Drinking Wine

 

Egyptian Art
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2004-12-28