Egyptian Art
Greek Art
Roman Art
Etruscan Art
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About 900 and 800 BC, the Italian peninsula was settled by people called Etruscans. It isn't known where the Etruscans came from, but they probably came from the Eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor. When they arrived, they brought a high level of a Greek-like culture with them. They founded their cities in North-Eastern Italy between the Apennine mountain range and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Their civilization stretched from the Arno river in the North to the Tiber river towards the center of the Italian peninsula in the South. Like the Greeks, the Etruscans lived in fortified cities. In the earliest times, these cities were ruled by kings, but later the political system changed to oligarchies that governed through a council and elected officials. The Etruscans were an agrarian people, but they also used military means to dominate the region. By the sixth century BC, the Etruscans had subjugated much of Italy and some regions outside of Italy, such as the island of Corsica. The Etruscans had an alphabet based on the Greek alphabet, an arts tradition, a religion based on human-type gods which was Greek in origin, and a complicated set of rituals for divining the future. Villa Giulia in Rome has the largest collection of Etruscan relics of any museum in the world. The Museum is housed in the Villa of Pope Julius III or Villa Giulia. This Villa was built from a design by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola between 1551 and 1553. The Villa Giulia National Museum was founded in 1889 with the aim of collecting together all the pre-Roman antiquities of Latium, southern Etruria and Umbria, and mostly contains finds from excavation conducted in Latium between the Tiber and the sea and belonging to the Etruscan and Faliscan civilizations. The museum is not avaliable on the web, so you just have to go there in person. |
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Amphora with a Black Glaze |
| Pitcher with |
Bucchero with |
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Large Amphora |
Etruscans like the Egyptians, Greeks, and later the Romans, painted their statues, so what you see in a museum is not what a contemporary of the sculptor would have seen. Etruscans worked in terracotta, basically fired clay, for many sculptures. This was common throughout the early Greek world and was revived for a while in fifteenth century rennaissance Italy. Terracotta sculpture is much cheaper to produce than cutting marble or other stone and at that time it was the only way of producing large sculpture. The techniques for doing large bronze castings was unknown. |
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Today |
As it may have looked then |
Head of Hermes
About 515 BC
Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy
| Head of Zeus |
Apollo of Veii |
| Man's Head |
Head of a Warrior |
| Etruscans often made small to medium sized sculpture in bronze. Large sculpture was impossible because the technology of casting large objects had not be invented. |
| Dancer |
Bronze Votive Bird |
| Votive Statuette |
Votive Statuettes |
| We don't really know what Etruscan bronze cisterns were used for. But as good a guess as any was that they were for holding household water. These large vessels were commonly decorated with engraved pictures of scenes from the Homeric stories or the Olympian myths. Jason and the Argonauts was a popular myth to illustrate, as two of the engravings below show. |
| Decorated Cistern
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| Cistern Decorations |
Cistern Decoration |
| Gold ceremonial objects were still used by the wealthy, just like it had been for ages. |
| Gold Cup |
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| Ceremonial |
Detail of metal work |
| Woman and Child |
Woman Drinking Wine |
Egyptian Art
Greek Art
Roman Art