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Early Renaissance
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High Italian |
| The High Italian Renaissance represents the fourth generation of Renaissance artists. It is seen as the culmination of Renaissance art. During these thirty years Giorgione, Raphael, Michelangelo, Titian, and Leonardo da Vinci created some of the most memorable and important works in all of Western Art. |
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Leonardo da
Vinciborn: Vinci, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 15 April 1452
died: Castle of Chateau de Cloux near Amboise, France; 2 May 1519
Illegitimate son of Ser Piero, a Florentine notary and a young peasant woman, Caterina. Leonardo was born on his father's family estate. Caterina eventually married in her class. Leonardo grew up in his father's house, and received the usual elementary education of that day: reading, writing, and arithmetic. Leonardo acquired a working knowledge of Latin much later, when he studied it on his own. Not until he was fully grown did he apply himself to geometry and arithmetic, which he studied with tenacity; although he never really mastered either Latin or mathematics. Leonardo studied with Andrea del Verrocchio and Antonio Pollaiuolo. In 1482 Leonardo left Florence, leaving behind several unfinished projects, and entered the service of the Duke of Milan. Leonardo worked for 17 years in Milan; he worked as a sculptor; painter; architect; as a fortifications-, mechanical-, and hydraulic engineer; and as a designer of court festivals. He also kept himself busy studying science and writing notebooks on his observations of the world around him. In 1500 he returned to Florence after the fall of Milan to the French. He worked on mathematics and artistically on a large fresco, The Battle of Anghiari, which he never finished. In 1506 he returned to Milan, and in 1513 he went to work in Rome. François I, King of France invited Leonardo to be his court painter, architect, and mechanic. At the end of 1516 Leonardo accepted the King's offer and left Italy forever, together with his most devoted pupil, Francesco Melzi. He spent the last three years of his life in the small residence of Cloux (later called Clos-Lucé), near the King's summer palace at Amboise on the Loire, where he died. |
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Cecilia Gallerani |
Twenty-four more Leonardo pictures, frescos, and sketches.
born: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; about 1460
died: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 1537
Heir of Verrocchio
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Adoration of the Shepherds |
born: Milan, [now Italy]; about 1455
died: Milan, [now Italy]; 1536
Trained by Bramante in the style of Piero della Francesca.
Adoration of the Magi |
Madonna and Child |
Virgin and Child |
born: Ferrara, Duchy of Ferrara [now Italy]; about 1460
died: Mantua, Duchy of Mantua [now Italy]; 5 March 1535
Trained by Ercole de' Roberti. Worked in Bologna, and Mantua.
Nativity |
Half-a-dozen more Costa pictures.
born: Venice, about 1460
died: 1532
Tullio was the son of Pietro Solari. Solari was called Pietro Lombardo(c1435-1515) after the place where he was born and he was the first Renaissance sculptor in Venice. Tullio worked in Venice, Ravenna, Mantua, and Feltre. Both father and son worked together at renovating and transforming the cathedral of Treviso in 1485. |
born: San Gimignano, [now Italy]; 1450 or 1460 or 1466 [various sources].
died: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; September 1513
| Trained by Ghirlandaio in Florence. Married to Alessandra, sister of the three Ghirlandaio brothers. Worked together in their atelier, the most renowned in Florence |
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A Woman |
Piero
di Cosimoborn: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; about 1462
died: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 1521
Florence, studied with Cosimo Rosselli, whose name he adopted.
Piero's art reflects his personality and belonged to no particular school of painting. Piero borrowed elements of style from many artists creating his own idiosyncratic manner. He often painted to please himself (in the fifteenth century painting was a business not a hobby), and admitted that he often found his inspiration from stains on walls.
Simonetta Vespucci |
Half-a-dozen more Piero di Cosimo pictures.
born: Milan, [now Italy]; about 1466
died: Milan, [now Italy]; 1516
Principal student of Leonardo da Vinci in Milan. Worked in primarily in Milan.
St Sebastian |
The Poet Casio |
Virgin and Child |
born: Monte San Sovino, Tuscany, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; about 1467
died: Monte San Sovino, Tuscany, Republic of Florence [now Italy] 1529
Tuscan, renaissance sculptor. Worked in Florence, Rome, and Loreto. Trained under Antonio Pollaiuolo.
born: Rome, Papal States [now Italy]; before 1470
died: Loreto, Papal States [now Italy]; 31 May 1512
Trained in Rome, active in Lombardy, then in Ferrara, and finally in Pavia from 1490.
born: Valduggia, [now Italy]; about 1471
died: Milan, [now Italy]; 31 January 1546
Worked in Piedmont and Milan.
Crucifixion |
Novara Polyptych
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Fra
Bartolomeoborn: Savignano near Florence, Republic of Florence; 28 March 1472
died: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 31 October 1517
Pupil of Cosimo Rosselli, and apprentice in the workshop of Ghirlandaio. Fra Bartolomeo was a supporter of charismatic reformer monk Fra Savonarola. Girolamo Savonarola preached against the moral corruption of the Papacy and the church. He also preached against the vanities, including all secular books and paintings. He held public bonfires of the vanities where people came and threw their books, jewlry, and art on to large fires to destroy them. In 1498 the Vatican declared Savonarola a suspected heretic and sent an army after him. Savonarola and his supporters including Fra Bartolomeo retreated into the fortified Dominican monastery of San Marco near Florence. The Papal army stormed San Marco and the all occupants were captured. Savonarola was captured with them and tried by the church for heresy. Found guilty by a Papal court he was drawn, quartered, and burned at the stake in the center of Florence in 1499. The Papal authorities then ordered that Savonarola's ashes be scattered so that there would be no relics that the misguided could worship. In 1500 Fra Bartolomeo became a Dominican friar and on the death of Fra Angelico, he became head of the San Marco art workshop. |
Christ with the |
Fra Girolamo Savonarola |
Deposition from |
Apparition of |
God the Father in Glory |
Mystic Marriage of St Catherine of Siena |
born: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 1472
died: Sevilla, Spain; 1528
| Sculptor. Studied with Bertoldo. He assaulted Michelangelo and broke his nose; for which he was exiled from Florence. Worked in Rome, Netherlands, London, and Spain. He is said to have committed suicide in the prisons of the Inquisition. |
born: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; about 13 November 1474
died: Tours, France; 1554
Sculptor. Studied with Verrocchio and Leonardo da Vinci. Worked in Florence and France. |
Michelangeloborn: Caprese, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 6 March 1475
died: Rome, Papal States [now Italy]; 18 February 1564
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David |
Sistine Chapel and Altar Wall |
Seventy more Michelangelo pictures, frescos, and statues and a short biography in three parts.
The Early Years: David, Vatican Pietà, and Sistine Chapel Ceiling.
The Years of Turmoil: Medici Tombs and Laurentine Library
The Final Roman Years: Last Judgment Fresco, Capitoline Hill, and Dome of St. Peter's.
born: Castelfranco Veneto, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; 1477
died: Venice, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; 1510
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The Tempest |
Gattamelata or |
born: Vercelli, Piedmont, Duchy of Savoy [now Italy]; 1477
died: Siena’s Santa Maria della Scala, Republic of Siena [now Italy];
14/15 February 1549
Transitional artist moving toward Mannerism
Descent from the Cross |
Half-a-dozen more Il Sodoma pictures.
Francesco
Granacci born: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 1477 (some sources say 1469)
died: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 1543
| Youthful friend and compatriot of Michelangelo. Like Michelangelo, Granacci was a pupil of Domenico Ghirlandaio, whose assistant later he became. Granacci was one of the assistants engaged by Michelangelo in 1508 for the beginning of the Sistine ceiling but, like the others, was dismissed after about one month. On his return to Florence Granacci fell under the influence of Fra Bartolomeo. |
Entry of Charles VIII into Florence |
born: Serina, Bergamo, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; about 1480
died: Venice, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; 30 July 1528
Transitional high renaissance artist moving toward Mannerism. Also worked in Pesaro and Rome.
born: Venice [now Italy]; about 1480
died: Loreto, Papal States [now Italy]; 9 July 1556
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Virgin and Child with |
Twenty-Two more Lotto pictures.
born: Luino, Duchy of Milan [now Italy]; about 1480
died: Milan, Duchy of Milan [now Italy]; 1532
Milan, painter. Follower of Leonardo, but a Lombardi artist at heart.
Primarily worked in frescos.
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Israelites: Death of the First Born |
Israelites: Departure from Egypt |
A Lady |
Holy Family with |
born: Brescia, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; about 1480
died: Venice? Republic of Venice[now Italy]; about 1548
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St. Anthony, the Abbot, |
Temptation of St. Anthony |
Raphaelborn: Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [now Italy]; 6 April 1483
died: Rome, Papal States [now Italy]; 6 April 1520
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Raphael and his Fencing Master |
Twenty-two more Raphael pictures.
Francesco
Franciabigioborn: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 1482/83
died: Florence, Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 1525
Florence, painter.
| Represents transition from Renaissance to Mannerism. Trained by Albertinelli, influenced by Andrea del Sarto, and the Umbrian School (Leonardo, Raphael and Michelangelo). |
A Man |
A Man |
Works:
Madonna & Child with St John the Baptist, 1513, National Gallery, London, England
born: Brescia, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; about 1484
died: Brescia, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; about 1552
Fresco: Room of the Giants |
Andrea
del Sartoborn: Florence; Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 16 July 1486
died: Florence; Republic of Florence [now Italy]; 28 September 1530
| Florence, painter. Influenced by Fra Bartolommeo, Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Transitional painter leading toward Florentine Mannerism. |
St John the Baptist |
Head of a Young Man |
Young Man |
Holy Family |
Self Portrait |
Lamentation of Christ |
born: Pieve di Cadore, Republic of Venice [now Italy];
1488/90
died: Venice, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; 27 August 1577
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Rape of Europa |
Twenty-Seven more Titian pictures.
born: Nola near Naples [now Italy]; about 1488
died: Naples, [now Italy]; 1558
Dosso
Dossiborn: Mantua?, March of Mantua [now Italy]; 1479 (or 1490)
died: Ferrara, Duchy of Ferrara [now Italy]; 1542
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Sorcery |
Jupiter, Mercury |
born: Treviso, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; 1500
died: Venice, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; 19 January 1571
Pupil of Titian.
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Presentation of the Ring |
Allegory with Lovers |
Jacopo Bassanoborn: Bassano, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; about 1517
died: Bassano, Republic of Venice [now Italy]; 13 February 1592
Received his training as a painter from his father. Then a student of Bonifazio de’ Pitatis for 5 years in Venice, but worked all his life in Bassano where he was appointed councilor and consul in 1549. Experimented with light and color in a Tintoretto (Mannerist) style. |
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The Way to Calvary |
The Animals Entering |
Earthly Paradise |
St. Jerome |
The Three Magi |
Madonna and Child with |
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![Romanino: [fresco] Room of the Giants](romanino/M/romano_room_of_the_giants.c1530.jpg)
