american overview
post civil war
pre civil war

part 2 cross country trip
part 3 west coast period
part 4 second New York and London periods

American Post Civil War Art

1865 to 1900

Paul Frénzeny

 

 

Paul Frénzeny
frenzeny

born: France?; about 1840
died: London, England; 1902

Little biographical information is available for Paul Frénzeny, most of what we know comes from the Harper's Weekly pictures he created. He probably was in Mexico in his early twenties, before he ended up in New York. He was in the United States by 1868 (28) when his first wood-cut illustrations began to appear in Harper's.

He probably had little formal art training because it is reported that while he was good at sketching, he didn't seem to have been trained in painting or working in other media. All his life he worked in wood-cut illustrations via pencil sketches.

 

 

Pictures from The First Period in New York.

 

Los Cumbras Railroad, Mexico—Scene in the Pass del la Mula
Harper's Weekly v12
28 March 1868
p.200

A Curious Custom Observed by the Greek Church in Russia
Harper's Weekly v13
4 January 1869
p.4

Banishment of Winter
Harper's Weekly v14
22 April 1871
p.360

Started at Last—
A New York Street Car
in the Snow
Harper's Weekly v16
24 February 1872
p.161

 

Street Arabs Taking a Foot Bath
Harper's Weekly v16
3 August 1872
p.604

An Artist in the Country
Harper's Weekly v16
24 August 1872
p.660

Going Down the Slope
Harper's Weekly v17
22 February 1873
p.145

Horrors of the Mine
Harper's Weekly v17
31 May 1873
p.468

 

 

 

Pictures from Frenzeny-Tavernier Cross-Country Trip.

He began to work with Jules Tavernier in 1873 (33) when he began to jointly create pictures with Tavernier for Harper's. Toward the end of that year they went off on a year long assignment from Harper's to draw and send back pictures of the West. This assignment which took the two of them from New York, through Pennsylvania, down to Missouri.

They apparently crossed the Mississippi river at Hannibal, Missouri. From Hannibal, the pair traveled on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway across Missouri to Fort Scott and Parsons, Kansas. They proceeded on the same railroad across Indian territory to Denison, Tex., the terminus of the railroad. Construction of this line from, Hannibal to Denison had been completed only a few months before the arrival of Frénzeny and Tavernier.

After their visit at Denison, the artists turned northward across the Indian territory and eventually reached Wichita-probably accompanying a cattle drive at least part of the way. From Wichita the general route was west along the Santa Fe railroad through southern and western Kansas to the railroad terminus at Granada, Colorado.

By stage they then traveled to Pueblo, Colorado, and then by rail to Denver. They remained in Denver during the winter of 1873-1874,.

Then in the Spring they visited Fort Laramie in Wyoming territory, the Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska. At this point them made a side trip to Salt Lake City. And finally they used the Union Pacific railroad to get to San Francisco.

It is not known how they worked together on a picture. Nor how they split the Harper payments. On the trip they produced 67 published Harper's Weekly woodcuts for which they were paid from $35 to $150 each depending on the size of printed image. They also sold sketches to local people.

Paul Frénzeny may have gone on ahead of Tavernier because the newly created Bohemian Club of San Francisco welcomed Paul, and voted him into membership on 4 August 1874, a month before Jules was made a member. This chronology of the western travels of Frénzeny/Tavernier is based on the reconstruction of the trip by Robert Taft described in the Kansas Historical Quarterly "The Pictorial Record of the Old West" February, 1946 (Vol. 14 No. 1). See the map below.

The pictures from this period in Harper's Weekly are jointy signed and/or jointly attributed.

 

The Route of the Westward Sketching Trip
The map is an 1883 Railroad Map.

 

FRENZENY-TAVERNIER PICTURES

Manufacture of Iron — Filling the Furnace
Harper's Weekly v17
1 November 1873
p.964

Switched Off
Scenes From Emigrant Life
Harper's Weekly v18
24 January 1874
p.76

United States Signal Service—
Watching the Storm
Fort Gibson,
Indian Territory

Harper's Weekly
21 March 1874
p.267

Arkansas Pilgrims
— from Arkansas to Texas through Indian Territory
Harper's Weekly v18
4 April 1874
p.306

Fighting the Fire
Harper's Weekly v18
28 February 1874
p.192.

‘Busted!’—A Deserted Railroad Town in Kansas
Harper's Weekly v18
28 February 1874
p. 192

[Probably: Zarah, Barton County Kansas]

Bringing Home the Fifth Wife
Harper's Weekly v19
2 January 1875
p.4

Two Bits To See the Pappoose
Harper's Weekly v18
24 October 1874
p.880

[probably Ogden Utah ]

 

Chinese Fishermen in San Francisco Bay
Harper's Weekly v19
20 March 1875
p. 240.

 

The West-Coast Period

He and Tavernier then stayed on the West Coast for several years. Tavernier moved to Monterey in 1874 and Paul moved with him. But they soon broke up and Paul moved back to San Francisco. Paul was active in the Bohemian Club and supported himself, in part, with Harper's pictures of San Francisco.

In this period after the cross-country Trip. Frenzeny began publishing alone again. Tavernier concentrated on producing and selling fine-art.

Paul stayed in San Francisco about five years then drifted down to Los Angeles, then through Mexico and Central America, then back up to New York. Travenier stayed about ten years in San Francisco and then went to Hawaii for another five, where he died.

 

The colored wood-cuts shown below were watercolored by people who appreciated the drawings, or commercially colored by art dealers, these colored versions were framed and hung as art—a poor-man's painting. Many are still available on the antiquities market for prices that range from $100 to $1,000 US dollars.

 

 

 

 

The Club's Financial Exhibit
1877
Reproduction of a
Frénzeny Cartoon
Annals of Bohemia: v1, p171
and v8, p.149
Bohemian Club, San Francisco, CA

Muster-Day on an Indian Reservation
Harper's Weekly v24
24 July 1880
p.476

Nevada Silver Mine—
Changing the Shift
Harper's Weekly v21
25 August 1877
p.657

The Vintage in California
Harper's Weekly v22
5 October 1878
p.792
This copy: Bancroft Library
University of California
Berkeley, CA, US

(original black and white version)

Holiday in China Town
Harper's Weekly v24
20 March 1880
p.188

(original black and white version)

Theatrical Performances in China-Town, San Francisco
Harper's Weekly v27
12 May1883
p.296

Scenes of
Southern California

Harper's Weekly v22
18 May 1878
p.401

Modes of Travel in Central America
Harper's Weekly v22
18 October 1879
p.837

Snake-Charming and Religious Rites Among the Indians of Central America
Harper's Weekly v26
25 March 1882
p.184

 

During his tenure in San Francisco, probably under the influcence of Jules Tavernier, Paul Frénzeny tried his hand at watercolors and oils. However in the end he felt more comfortable sketching for publication. Perhaps because this provided a reliable, steady income, rather than the boom and bust of selling art. Here are two examples of Frénzeny watercolors..

 

Horse Race in a Sioux Indian Camp
about 1879
watercolor/paper;
Bancroft Library
University of California
Berkeley, CA, US

Big Medicine Man
about 1875
Pencil, watercolor and gouache on blue-gray paper: 32×47 cm
Museum of Fine Art
Boston, MA, US

pub: Chalmers: Splendide Californie!

 

 

The Second New York Period

Data in the 1880 US Census indicates that Paul (age about 40) was married to a French woman, Allene, and was living in Washington, New Jersey. He continued to work for Harper's Weekly.

 

A Horse Trot
Harper's Weekly v25
20 August 1881
p.564

After the Thaw—
Victums of a Plains Snow Storm
Harper's Weekly v26
10 June1882
p.365

Dog Catching in New York
Harper's Weekly v26
15 July 1882
p.444

 

In the early 1880s Frenzeny disappears for a couple of years, then back in New York he publishes a couple of more pictures in Harper's Weekly showing scenes from Texas. Soon after that he joined the Buffalo Bill Cody Wild West Show.

 

Smuggling on
the Rio-Grande
Harper's Weekly v30
4 September 1886
p.565

Buffalo Bill, The Scout
about 1887
Buffalo Bill Museum and Grave
Golden, CO, US

The Chinese Question:
Amoor Cosacks Ride
in Manchuria to Port Arthur

The [London] Graphic?
14 May 1898

 

Sometime before the turn of the century Paul Frézeny leaves The Buffalo Bill Wild West Show and stays in London to work on book illustration and as an artist for the London Graphic... Tavernier's old rag.

Paul Frénzeny dies in London in 1902 (age 62).


The Tigertail Museum is attempting to create a complete catalog of Frénzeny wood-cuts and pictures. Most of the Harper's Weekly pictures are available here, but other newspapers and magazines from the last quarter of the 19th century are harder to find, search, and photograph. If anyone knows of additonal Frénzeny published pictures please let the museum know. We will try and locate a copy of the publication and get the picture.

Because Frénzeny did so many published pictures these are organized into four major galleries and some sub-galleries as well. So if you liked this sample of his art there are plenty of more wood-cuts to see.

For more biographical information on Paul Frénzeny, Claudine Chalmers book published in 2001:
Splendide Californie!
has well researched chapters on both Jules Tavernier and Paul Frénzeny, as well as other French artists in early California. Unfortunately it is a rare book, only 250 were produced by the Book Club of California, and it has not been reprinted in a cheaper trade edition. With luck, a library in your city has one.

Frénzeny Catalog Links

Part 1 Paul Frénzeny: The First New York Period.

Part 2 The Tavernier-Frénzeny Cross-Country Trip.

Part 3 Paul Frénzeny: The West-Coast Period.

Part 4 Paul Frénzeny: The Second New York Period and the London Period.

 

Related Links

The Jules Tavernier Gallery

The Jules Tavernier Catalog

 

american overview
post civil war
pre civil war

2005-12-06